Inverted-U Theory (AQA GCSE Physical Education (PE))

Inverted-U Theory

• The inverted-U theory of arousal was developed to show how a sportsperson may be under or over-aroused, or at optimal arousal

• The term 'inverted-U' comes from the shape of the graph used to depict the theory

Diagram of inverted-U theory graph

The Inverted-U Theory graph shows how arousal affects performance

• The inverted-U graph shows:

  • As arousal increases, performance level increases up to optimal performance

  • Above the optimal arousal level, performance levels decrease

• When a participant is under-aroused their performance in their sporting activity or skill may be low; this could be due to boredom or not enough concentration

• Over-arousal may also lead to low performance in the participant's activity; this may be due to high levels of stress or anxiety